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Session 7 : Multithreading 

 

Ex 23: Write a program to launch 10 threads. Each thread increments a counter variable. Run the program
with synchronization. 

 

Code:
class s07_02
{
public static void main(String arg[])throws Exception
{
data d1=new data();
data d2=new data();
data d3=new data();
data d4=new data();
data d5=new data();
data d6=new data();
data d7=new data();
data d8=new data();
data d9=new data();
data d10=new data();
System.out.println(d10.count);
}
}
//---------------------------
class item { static int count=0; }
class data extends item implements Runnable
{
item d=this;
Thread t;
data()
{
t=new Thread(this);
t.start();
}
public void run()
{ d=syn.increment(d); }
}
//==============================
class syn
{
synchronized static item increment(item i)
{
i.count++;
return(i);
}
} 

 

 

Ex 24: Write a program for generating 2 threads, one for printing even numbers and the other for printing
odd numbers. 

 

Code:
class even extends Thread
{
Thread t=null;
even()
{
t=new Thread(this);
start();
}
public void run()
{
try
{
for(int i=2;i<50;i+=2)
System.out.print(i+" ");
Thread.sleep(100);
}
catch(Exception e)
{System.out.println("thread interepted");}
}
}
class odd extends Thread
{
Thread t=null;
odd()
{
t=new Thread(this);
start();
}
public void run()
{
try
{
for(int i=1;i<50;i+=2)
System.out.print(i+" ");
Thread.sleep(100);
}
catch(Exception e)
{System.out.println("thread interepted");}
}
}
class s07_03
{
public static void main(String arg[])
{
even e=new even();
odd o=new odd();
}
}


Session 8 : Reading, Writing & String Handling in Java 

 

Ex 26: Writ a program in Java to create a String object. Initialize this object with your name. Find the
length of your name using the appropriate String method. Find whether the character „a‟ is in your name or
not; if yes find the number of times „a‟ appears in your name. Print locations of occurrences of „a‟ .Try the
same for different String objects. 

 

Code:
class data
{
String name;
data(String n){ name=n; }
void disp()
{
System.out.println("~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~");
System.out.println("Name :"+name);
int c=0;
int len=name.length();
for(int i=0;i<len;i++)
if(name.charAt(i)=='A'||name.charAt(i)=='a')
{
c++;
System.out.println("number of occurance :"+c);
System.out.println("Possition :"+(i+1));
}
if(c==0)
System.out.println("there is no 'A' available in the string");
}
}
class s08_01
{
public static void main(String ar[])
{
data d1=new data("anil kumar");
d1.disp();
data d2=new data("biju");
d2.disp();
}
} 

 

Ex 28: Write a program for searching strings for the first occurrence of a character or substring and for the
last occurrence of a character or substring. 

 

Code:
import java.io.*;
class s08_03
{
public static void main(String[]args) throws Exception
{
int len1,len2,last=0;
DataInputStream in=new DataInputStream(System.in);
System.out.println("Enter the string:");
String s1=in.readLine();
System.out.println("Enter searching string:");
String s2=in.readLine();
len1=s1.length();
len2=s2.length();
for(int i=0;i<=(len1-len2);i++)
{
if(s1.substring(i,len2+i).equals(s2))
{
if(last==0)
System.out.println("first occurance is at possition :"+(i+1));
last=i+1;
}
}
if(last!=0)
System.out.println("last occurance is at possition :"+last);
else
System.out.println("the string is not found");
}
} 

 

 

Ex 29: Write a program in Java to read a statement from console, convert it into upper case and again print
on console. 

 

Code:
import java.io.*;
class s08_04
{
public static void main(String a[]) throws IOException
{
DataInputStream in=new DataInputStream(System.in);
System.out.println("Enter file Statement:");
String s1=in.readLine();
System.out.println(s1.toUpperCase());
}
} 

 

 

 

Ex 30: Write a program in Java, which takes the name of a file from user, read the contents of the file and
display it on the console. 

 

Code:
import java.io.*;
class s08_05
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
FileInputStream fis=null;
Try
{
fis=new FileInputStream(args[0]);
byte ch;
while((ch=(byte)fis.read())!=-1)
{System.out.print((char)ch); }
}
catch(IOException e)
{ System.out.println("interrupted");}
finally
{
try
{fis.close();}
catch(IOException e)
{System.out.println("error in closing");}
}
}
} 

 

 

 

Ex 31: Write a Java program to copy a file into another file. 

 

Code:
import java.io.*;
class s08_06
{
public static void main(String a[]) throws IOException
{
int d=0;
FileInputStream fi=null;
FileOutputStream fo=null;
DataInputStream in=new DataInputStream(System.in);
System.out.println("Enter file name:");
String s1=in.readLine();
System.out.println("Enter new file name:");
String s2=in.readLine();
try
{
fi=new FileInputStream(s1);
fo=new FileOutputStream(s2);
System.out.println("Copying file");
while((d=fi.read())!=-1)
fo.write((byte)d);
System.out.println("File copyied");
}
catch(IOException e)
{System.out.println(e);}
}
}


Session 9 : Applets and its Application

 

 Ex 32: Write a Java Applet program which reads your name and address in different text fields and when a
button named find is pressed the sum of the length of characters in name and address is displayed in another
text field. Use appropriate colors, layout to make your applet look good.

 

 Code:
import java.applet.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
public class s09_01 extends Applet implements ActionListener
{
public void init()
{
label1 = new Label();
label2 = new Label();
label3 = new Label();
t1 = new TextField();
t2 = new TextField();
t3 = new TextField();
b1 = new Button();
setLayout(null);
setBackground(new Color(0, 153, 102));
label1.setAlignment(Label.RIGHT);
label1.setText("Name");
add(label1);
label1.setBounds(140, 60, 50, 20);
label2.setAlignment(Label.RIGHT);
label2.setText("Address");
add(label2);
label2.setBounds(140, 90, 50, 20);
label3.setAlignment(Label.RIGHT);
label3.setText("Total length");
add(label3);
label3.setBounds(130, 120, 60, 20);
add(t1);
t1.setBounds(200, 60, 100, 20);
add(t2);
t2.setBounds(200, 90, 100, 20);
add(t3);
t3.setBounds(200, 120, 100, 20);
b1.setBackground(new Color(255, 204, 153));
b1.setLabel("Total");
b1.addActionListener(this);
add(b1);
b1.setBounds(150, 180, 80, 24);
}
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent ae)
{
int a=t1.getText().length();
a+=t2.getText().length();
t3.setText(Integer.toString(a));
}
Label label1;
Label label2;
Label label3;
TextField t1;
TextField t2;
TextField t3;
Button b1;
}
<html>
<body>
<applet code="s09_01.class" width=400 height=400>
</applet>
</body>
</html> 

 

 

Ex 33: Create an applet which displays a rectangle/string with specified color & coordinate passed as
parameter from the HTML file. 

 

Code:
import java.applet.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
public class s09_02 extends Applet implements ActionListener
{
public void init()
{
setLayout(null);
setBackground(new Color(0,10,100));
}
public void paint(Graphics p)
{
String t=null;
int x,y,w,h,r,g,b;
t=getParameter("xx");
x=Integer.parseInt(t);
t=getParameter("yy");
y=Integer.parseInt(t);
t=getParameter("ww");
w=Integer.parseInt(t);
t=getParameter("hh");
h=Integer.parseInt(t);
t=getParameter("rr");
r=Integer.parseInt(t);
t=getParameter("gg");
g=Integer.parseInt(t);
t=getParameter("bb");
b=Integer.parseInt(t);
p.setColor(new Color(r,g,b));
p.fillRect(x,y,w,h);
}
}
<html>
<body>
<applet code="s09_02.class" width=400 height=400>
<param name="xx" value="25">
<param name="yy" value="25">
<param name="ww" value="150">
<param name="hh" value="150">
<param name="rr" value="0">
<param name="gg" value="150">
<param name="bb" value="100">
</applet>
</body>
</html> 

 

 

 

Ex 34: Create an applet which will display the calendar of a given date. 

 

Code:
import java.util.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.applet.*;
public class s9e3 extends Applet
{
GregorianCalendar cal=new GregorianCalendar();
String s,s1,s2,s3,s4;
int a=0,b=0,c=0,d=0;
public void start()
{
s=getParameter("fg");
s1=getParameter("as");
s2=getParameter("as1");
s3=getParameter("as2");
s4=getParameter("as3");
a=Integer.parseInt(s1);
b=Integer.parseInt(s2);
c=Integer.parseInt(s3);
d=Integer.parseInt(s4);
}
public void paint(Graphics g)
{
if(s.equals("red"))
g.setColor(Color.red);
g.drawRect(a,b,c,d);
g.drawString("Color = "+"",25,25);
g.drawString("Calendar is"+cal.DATE+"/"+cal.MONTH+"/"+cal.YEAR,34,36);
}
} 

 

 

Ex 35: Write a program to store student‟s detail using Card Layout. 

 

Code:
class s9e4 extends Applet
{
CardLayout c1;
Panel p;
Label l1;
Label l2;
Label l3;
Label l4;
TextField t1;
TextField t2;
TextField t3;
TextField t4;
public void start()
{ }
public void init()
{
c1=new CardLayout();
l1=new Label("Enter Name :");
l2=new Label("Enter Place :");
l3=new Label("Address :mo(ho)");
l4=new Label("Pin :670571 ");
t1=new TextField(20);
p=new Panel();
p.setLayout(c1);
add(l1);
add(t1);
add(l2);
// add(t2);
add(l3);
// add(t3);
add(l4);
// add(t4);
}
public void paint(Graphics g)
{ }
}

 

Session 10 : Networking & Other Advanced Feature of JAVA 

 

 

Ex 37: Write a Java program to find the numeric address of the following web sites
i. www.ignou.ac.in
ii. www.indiatimes.com
iii. www.rediff.com
iv. www.apple.com
In addition to this, find the Internet Address of your local host. 

 

Code:
import java.net.*;
class s10_01
{
public static void main(String ar[])throws Exception
{
InetAddress a=InetAddress.getLocalHost();
System.out.println("The Local Host IP:"+a);
a=InetAddress.getByName("");www.ignou.ac.in
System.out.println("The IP of :"+a);www.ignou.ac.in
a=InetAddress.getByName("");www.indiatimes.com
System.out.println("The IP of :"+a);www.indiatimes.com
a=InetAddress.getByName("");www.apple.com
System.out.println("The IP of :"+a);www.apple.com
InetAddress s[]=InetAddress.getAllByName("");www.rediff.com
for(int i=0;i<s.length;i++)
System.out.println("The IP of :"+s[i]);www.rediff.com
}
} 

 

 

Ex 38: Create an applet which takes name and age as parameters and display the message "<name> is
<age> year old.". Print the URL of the class file. 

 

Code:
import java.applet.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
public class s10_02 extends Applet
{
public void init()
{
Font f=new Font("adobe-courier",Font.PLAIN,18);
setFont(f);
setLayout(null);
setForeground(Color.green);
setBackground(new Color(200,0,200));
}
public void paint(Graphics g)
{
String n,a,msg;
n=getParameter("name");
a=getParameter("age");
msg=n+" is "+a+" year old. ";
g.drawString(msg,25,25);
}
}
<html>
<body>
<applet code="s10_02.class" width=400 height=400>
<param name="name" value="Anil kumar">
<param name="age" value="25">
</applet>
</body></html>

 

Session 4 : Inheritance and Polymorphism 

 

Ex 10: Write a Java program to show that private member of a super class cannot be accessed from derived
classes. 

 

Code:
class room
{
private int l,b;
room(int x,int y)
{ l=x; b=y;}
int area()
{return(l*b);}
}
class class_room extends room
{
int h;
class_room(int x,int y,int z)
{
super(x,y);
h=z;
}
int volume()
{
return(area()*h);
}
}
class s04_01
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
class_room cr=new class_room(10,20,15);
int a1=cr.area();
int v1=cr.volume();
System.out.println("Area of Room : "+a1);
System.out.println("Volume of Room : "+v1);
}
} 

 

Ex 11: Write a program in Java to create a Player class. Inherit the classes Cricket _Player, Football _Player
and Hockey_ Player from Player class. 

 

Code:
class player
{
String name;
int age;
player(String n,int a)
{ name=n; age=a; }
void show()
{
System.out.println("\n");
System.out.println("Player name : "+name);
System.out.println("Age : "+age);
}
}
class criket_player extends player
{
String type;
criket_player(String n,String t,int a)
{
super(n,a);
type=t;
}
public void show()
{
super.show();
System.out.println("Player type : "+type);
}
}
class football_player extends player
{
String type;
football_player(String n,String t,int a)
{
super(n,a);
type=t;
}
public void show()
{
super.show();
System.out.println("Player type : "+type);
}
}
class hockey_player extends player
{
String type;
hockey_player(String n,String t,int a)
{
super(n,a);
type=t;
}
public void show()
{
super.show();
System.out.println("Player type : "+type);
}
}
//--------- main -----------
class s04_02
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
criket_player c=new criket_player("Ameer","criket",25);
football_player f=new football_player("arun","foot ball",25);
hockey_player h=new hockey_player("Ram","hockey",25);
c.show();
f.show();
h.show();
}
} 

 

 

Ex 12: Write a class Worker and derive classes DailyWorker and SalariedWorker from it. Every worker has
a name and a salary rate. Write method ComPay (int hours) to compute the week pay of every worker. A
Daily Worker is paid on the basis of the number of days s/he works. The Salaried Worker gets paid the wage
for 40 hours a week no matter what the actual hours are. Test this program to calculate the pay of workers.
You are expected to use the concept of polymorphism to write this program. 

 

Code:
class worker
{
String name;
int empno;
worker(int no,String n)
{ empno=no; name=n; }
void show()
{
System.out.println("\n--------------------------");
System.out.println("Employee number : "+empno);
System.out.println("Employee name : "+name);
}
}
class dailyworker extends worker
{
int rate;
dailyworker(int no,String n,int r)
{
super(no,n);
rate=r;
}
void compay(int h)
{
show();
System.out.println("Salary : "+rate*h);
}
}
class salariedworker extends worker
{
int rate;
salariedworker(int no,String n,int r)
{
super(no,n);
rate=r;
}
int hour=40;
void compay()
{
show();
System.out.println("Salary : "+rate*hour);
}
}
//--------- main -----------
class s04_03
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
dailyworker d=new dailyworker(254,"Arjun",75);
salariedworker s=new salariedworker(666,"Unni",100);
d.compay(45);
s.compay();
}
} 

 

 

Ex 13: Consider the trunk calls of a telephone exchange. A trunk call can be ordinary, urgent or lightning.
The charges depend on the duration and the type of the call. Writ a program using the concept of
polymorphism in Java to calculate the charges. 

 

Code:
import java.io.*;
class call
{
float dur;
String type;
float rate()
{
if(type.equals("urgent"))
return 4.5f;
else if(type=="lightning")
return 3.5f;
else
return 3f;
}
}
class bill extends call
{
float amount;
DataInputStream in=null;
bill()
{
try
{
in=new DataInputStream(System.in);
}
catch(Exception e)
{ System.out.println(e); }
}
void read()throws Exception
{
String s;
System.out.println("enter call type(urgent,lightning,ordinary):");
type=in.readLine();
System.out.println("enter call duration:");
s=in.readLine();
dur=Float.valueOf(s).floatValue();
}
void calculate()
{
if(dur<=1.5)
amount=rate()*dur+1.5f;
else if(dur<=3)
amount=rate()*dur+2.5f;
else if(dur<=5)
amount=rate()*dur+4.5f;
else
amount=rate()*dur+5f;
}
void print()
{
System.out.println("**********************");
System.out.println(" PHONE BILL ");
System.out.println("**********************");
System.out.println(" Call type : "+type);
System.out.println(" Duration : "+dur);
System.out.println(" CHARGE : "+amount);
System.out.println("**********************");
}
}
class s04_04
{
public static void main(String arg[])throws Exception
{
bill b=new bill();
b.read();
b.calculate();
b.print();
}
}

 

Session 5 : Package and Interrface 

 

Ex 14: Write a program to make a package Balance in which has Account class with Display_Balance
method in it. Import Balance package in another program to access Display_Balance method of Account
class. 

 

Code:
class s05_01
{
public static void main(String ar[])
{
try
{
balance.account a=new balance.account();
a.read();
a.disp();
}
catch(Exception e)
{ System.out.println(e); }
}
}
package balance;
import java.io.*;
public class account
{
long acc,bal;
String name;
public void read()throws Exception
{
DataInputStream in=new DataInputStream(System.in);
System.out.println("Enter the name :");
name=in.readLine();
System.out.println("Enter the account number :");
acc=Long.parseLong(in.readLine());
System.out.println("Enter the account balance :");
bal=Long.parseLong(in.readLine());
}
public void disp()
{
System.out.println("~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~");
System.out.println("--- Account Details ---");
System.out.println("~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~");
System.out.println("Name :"+name);
System.out.println("Account number :"+acc);
System.out.println("Balance :"+bal);
}
} 

 

 

Ex 15: Write a program in Java to show the usefulness of Interfaces as a place to keep constant value of the
program. 

 

Code:
interface area
{
static final float pi=3.142f;
float compute(float x,float y);
}
class rectangle implements area
{
public float compute(float x,float y)
{return(x*y);}
}
class circle implements area
{
public float compute(float x,float y)
{return(pi*x*x);}
}
class s05_02
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
rectangle rect=new rectangle();
circle cr=new circle();
area ar;
ar=rect;
System.out.println("Area of the rectangle= "+ar.compute(10,20));
ar=cr;
System.out.println("Area of the circle= "+ar.compute(10,0));
}
}

 

 Ex 16: Create an Interface having two methods division and modules. Create a class, which overrides these
methods. 

 

Code:
interface course
{
void division(int a);
void modules(int b);
}
class stud implements course
{
String name;
int div,mod;
void name(String n)
{ name=n; }
public void division(int a)
{ div=a; }
public void modules(int b)
{ mod=b; }
void disp()
{
System.out.println("Name :"+name);
System.out.println("Division :"+div);
System.out.println("Modules :"+mod);
}
}
//--------main---------------
class s05_03
{
public static void main(String args[])
{ stud s=new stud();
("Arun");s.name
s.division(5);
s.modules(15);
s.disp();
}
}

Session 6 : Exception Handling 

 

Ex 18: Write a program in Java to display the names and roll numbers of students. Initialize respective array
variables for 10 students. Handle Array Index Out Of Bounds Exeption, so that any such problem doesn‟t
cause illegal termination of program. 

 

Code:
import java.io.*;
class student
{
String name,grade;
int reg,m1,m2,m3;
void read()throws Exception
{
DataInputStream in= new DataInputStream(System.in);
System.out.println("enter the register no : ");
reg=Integer.parseInt(in.readLine());
System.out.println("enter the name : ");
name=in.readLine();
System.out.println("enter mark1 : ");
m1=Integer.parseInt(in.readLine());
System.out.println("enter mark2 : ");
m2=Integer.parseInt(in.readLine());
System.out.println("enter mark3 : ");
m3=Integer.parseInt(in.readLine());
}
public void disp_grade()
{
int tt=m1+m2+m3;
if(tt>=250) grade="A";
else if(tt>=200) grade="B";
else if(tt>=150) grade="C";
else if(tt>=100) grade="D";
else grade="E";
System.out.println("Grade :"+grade);
}
void disp()
{
System.out.println("~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~");
System.out.println(" MARK LIST OF STUDENTS ");
System.out.println("~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~");
System.out.println("Register No :"+reg);
System.out.println("Name :"+name);
System.out.println("Mark1 :"+m1);
System.out.println("Mark2 :"+m2);
System.out.println("Mark3 :"+m3);
disp_grade();
}
}
class s06_01
{
public static void main(String ar[])
{
int no=0;
student s=new student();
try
{
DataInputStream in= new DataInputStream(System.in);
System.out.println("enter the number of students : ");
no=Integer.parseInt(in.readLine());
for(int i=0;i<no;i++);
s.read();
}
catch(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e)
{
System.out.println("the maximum students should be ten\n");
no=10;
}
catch(Exception e)
{ System.out.println(e); }
for(int i=0;i<no;i++);
s.disp();
}
}

 

 

 Ex 19: Write a Java program to enable the user to handle any chance of divide by zero exception. 

 

Code:
class s06_02
{
public static void main(String ar[])
{
int no=0,m=10,result=0;
try
{
result=m/no;
}
catch(ArithmeticException e)
{
System.out.println(" division by zero ");
System.out.println(" value of result has been set as one");
result=1;
}
catch(Exception e)
{
System.out.println(e);
}
System.out.println("Result :"+result);
}
} 

 

 

Ex 20: Create an exception class, which throws an exception if operand is nonnumeric in calculating
modules. (Use command line arguments). 

 

Code:
class NonNum extends Exception
{
NonNum()
{ super("the value is non numeric \n"); }
}
class s06_03
{
public static void main(String ar[])
{
int a,b,c=0;
try
{
a=Integer.parseInt(ar[0]);
throw new NonNum();
}
catch(NumberFormatException e)
{System.out.println(e);}
catch(NonNum e)
{ System.out.println(e);}
}
}

 

 

 Ex 21: On a single track two vehicles are running. As vehicles are going in same direction there is no
problem. If the vehicles are running in different direction there is a chance of collision. To avoid collisions
write a Java program using exception handling. You are free to make necessary assumptions. 

 

Code:
import java.io.*;
class collision extends Exception
{
collision(String s)
{ super(s); }
}
class s06_04
{
public static void main(String ar[])
{
String t1=null,t2=null;
try
{
DataInputStream in= new DataInputStream(System.in);
System.out.println("enter the direction of vehicle1:(left/right):");
t1=in.readLine();
System.out.println("enter the direction of vehicle2:(left/right):");
t2=in.readLine();
if(!t1.equals(t2))
throw new collision("truck2 has to go on "+ t1 +" direction");
}
catch(collision e)
{
System.out.println(e);
t2=t1;
System.out.println("the collision has been avoided by redirection
truck2");
}
catch(Exception e)
{ System.out.println(e); }
System.out.println("direction of truck1 :"+t1);
System.out.println("direction of truck2 :"+t2);
}
}



Session 1 : Data Types, Variables & Operators

Ex 1: Write a program in Java to implement the formula (Area = Height ×Width) to find the area of a
rectangle. Where Height and Width are the rectangle‟s height and width. 

 

Code:
class rectangle
{
int h,w;
rectangle(int x,int y)
{
h=x; w=y;
}
int area()
{
return(h*w);
}
}
class s01_01
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
rectangle r=new rectangle(10,20);
int area=r.area();
System.out.println("Area of Rectangle="+area);
}

 

 

Ex 2: Write a program in Java to find the result of following expression (Assume a = 10, b = 5)
i) (a < < 2) + (b > > 2)
ii) (a) | | (b > 0)
iii) (a + b ∗100) / 10
iv) a & b

 

 Code:
class s01_02
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
int a=10,b=5;
System.out.println(" i) (a<<2)+(b>>2): "+(a<<2)+(b>>2) );
System.out.println(" ii) (a)||(b>0) : "+(a)||(b>0) );
System.out.println("iii) (a+b*100)/10 : "+(a+b*100)/10 );
System.out.println(" iv) (a&b) : "+(a&b) );
}
} 

 

 

Ex 3: Write a program in Java to explain the use of break and continue statements. 

 

Code:
class s01_03
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
int i = 0;
int j = 0;
for(int k=0; ;k++)
{
if(k>=args.length) break;
int l;
try
{
l = Integer.parseInt(args[k]);
}
catch(NumberFormatException e)
{
j++;
System.out.println("INVALID ARGUMENT :" + args[k]);
continue;
}
i++;
System.out.println("VALID ARGUMENT :" + args[k]);
}
System.out.println("NUMBER OF VALID ARGUMENTS :" + i);
System.out.println("NUMBER OF INVALID ARGUMENT:" + j);
}
} 

 

 

Ex 4: Write a program in Java to find the average of marks you obtained in your 10+2 class. 

 

Code:
class s01_04
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
int reg,m1,m2,m3;
String name;
reg=Integer.parseInt(args[0]);
name=args[1];
m1=Integer.parseInt(args[2]);
m2=Integer.parseInt(args[3]);
m3=Integer.parseInt(args[4]);
System.out.println("------------------------");
System.out.println(" MARK LIST ");
System.out.println("------------------------");
System.out.println("Register No : "+reg);
System.out.println("Name : "+name);
System.out.println("Mark1 : "+m1);
System.out.println("Mark2 : "+m2);
System.out.println("Mark3 : "+m3);
System.out.println("Total : "+(m1+m2+m3));
System.out.println("Average : "+(float)(m1+m2+m3)/3);
System.out.println("------------------------");
}
}

 

 


Session 2 : Statements and Array

 

 Ex 5: Write a program in Java to find A×B where A is a matrix of 3×3 and B is a matrix of 3×4. Take the
values in matrixes A and B from the user.

 

 Code:
class s02_01
{
public static void main(String arg[])
{
int a[][]=new int[3][3];
int b[][]=new int[3][3];
int c[][]=new int[3][3];
int n=0;
for(int i=0;i<3;i++)
for(int j=0;j<3;j++)
a[i][j]=Integer.parseInt(arg[n++]);
for(int i=0;i<3;i++)
for(int j=0;j<3;j++)
b[i][j]=Integer.parseInt(arg[n++]);
//multipying the two matrix
for(int i=0;i<3;i++)
for(int j=0;j<3;j++)
{
c[i][j]=0;
for(int k=0;k<3;k++)
c[i][j]+=(a[i][k]*b[k][j]);
}
for(int i=0;i<3;i++)
{
for(int j=0;j<3;j++)
System.out.print(c[i][j]+" ");
System.out.println();
}
}
} 

 

 

 

Ex 6: Write a program in Java to compute the sum of the digits of a given integer. Remember, your integer
should not be less than the five digits. 

 

Code:
class s02_02
{
public static void main(String arg[])
{
int sum=0;
long n=Long.parseLong(arg[0]);
while(n>0)
{
sum+=n%10;
n/=10;
}
System.out.println("Sum="+sum);
}
}

Session 3 : Class And Objects

 

 Ex 7: Write a program in Java with class Rectangle with the data fields width, length, area and colour. The
length, width and area are of double type and colour is of string type .The methods are set_ length () ,
set_width (), set_ colour(), and find_ area (). 

 

Code:
import java.io.*;
class rect
{
int width,length;
String color;
void set_length(int a)
{ length=a; }
void set_width(int a)
{ width=a; }
void set_color(String a)
{ color=a; }
int area()
{ return(width*length); }
String getcolor()
{ return(color); }
}
class s03_01
{
public static void main(String arg[])throws Exception
{
String s=null;
DataInputStream in=new DataInputStream(System.in);
rect a=new rect();
System.out.println("Enter the length for first rectangle");
s=in.readLine();
a.set_length(Integer.parseInt(s));
System.out.println("Enter the width for first rectangle");
s=in.readLine();
a.set_width(Integer.parseInt(s));
System.out.println("Enter the Color for first rectangle");
a.set_color(in.readLine());
rect b=new rect();
System.out.println("Enter the length for second rectangle");
s=in.readLine();
b.set_length(Integer.parseInt(s));
System.out.println("Enter the width for second rectangle");
s=in.readLine();
b.set_width(Integer.parseInt(s));
System.out.println("Enter the Color for second rectangle");
b.set_color(in.readLine());
if(a.area()==b.area() && a.getcolor().equals(b.getcolor()))
System.out.println("Matching Rectangle ");
else
System.out.println("Non Matching Rectangle ");
}
} 

 

Ex 8: Create a class Account with two overloaded constructors. The first constructor is used for initializing,
the name of account holder, the account number and the initial amount in the account. The second
constructor is used for initializing the name of the account holder, the account number, the addresses, the
type of account and the current balance. The Account class is having methods Deposit (), Withdraw (), and
Get_Balance(). Make the necessary assumption for data members and return types of the methods. Create
objects of Account class and use them.

 

 Code:
class account
{
String name,address,type;
int accno,bal;
account(String n,int no,int b)
{ name=n; accno=no; bal=b; }
account(String n,int no,String addr,String t,int b)
{
name=n; accno=no;
address=addr;
type=t; bal=b;
}
void deposite(int a) { bal+=a; }
void withdraw(int a) { bal-=a; }
int getbalance() { return(bal); }
void show()
{
System.out.println("________________________");
System.out.println(" ACCOUNT DETAILS");
System.out.println("------------------------");
System.out.println("Name : "+name);
System.out.println("Account No : "+accno);
System.out.println("Address : "+address);
System.out.println("Type : "+type);
System.out.println("Balance : "+bal);
System.out.println("------------------------");
}
}
class s03_02
{
public static void main(String arg[])throws Exception
{
account a1=new account("Anil",555,5000);
account a2=new account("Anil",666,"Tirur","Current account",1000);
a1.address="Calicut";
a1.type="fixed deposite";
a1.deposite(5000);
a2.withdraw(350);
a2.deposite(a2.getbalance());
a1.show();
a2.show();
}
} 

 

 

Ex 9: Write a program in Java to create a stack class of variable size with push() and pop () methods. Create
two objects of stack with 10 data items in both. Compare the top elements of both stack and print the
comparison result. 

 

Code:
import java.io.*;
class stack
{
int data[]=new int[50];
int sp=0;
int pop()
{
if(sp<=0)
{
System.out.println("Stack is empty");
return(0);
}
else
return(data[sp--]);
}
void push(int a)
{
if(sp>=50)
System.out.println("Stack overflow");
else
data[sp++]=a;
}
}
class s03_03
{
public static void main(String arg[])
{
DataInputStream in=null;
String s;
int d;
stack s1=new stack();
stack s2=new stack();
try
{
in=new DataInputStream(System.in);
for(int i=0;i<10;i++)
{
System.out.println(1+i+") Enter data for the first stack");
s=in.readLine();
d=Integer.parseInt(s);
s1.push(d);
}
for(int i=0;i<10;i++)
{
System.out.println(1+i+") Enter data for the second stack");
s=in.readLine();
d=Integer.parseInt(s);
s2.push(d);
}
if(s1.pop()==s2.pop())
System.out.println("The top of the stacks are same");
else
System.out.println("The top of the stacks are same");
}
catch(Exception e) { System.out.println(e); }
}
}

 

The wikipedia article has a nice concise description of when you would want to use the different types of depth-first search:

  • Pre-order traversal while duplicating nodes and values can make a complete duplicate of a binary tree. It can also be used to make a prefix expression (Polish notation) from expression trees: traverse the expression tree pre-orderly.
  • In-order traversal is very commonly used on binary search trees because it returns values from the underlying set in order, according to the comparator that set up the binary search tree (hence the name).
  • Post-order traversal while deleting or freeing nodes and values can delete or free an entire binary tree. It can also generate a postfix representation of a binary tree.

It boils down to the logistical needs of an algorithm. For example, if you don't use post-order traversal during deletion, then you lose the references you need for deleting the child trees.


Write a shell script that searches the file contents in a directory and its sub-directories for a text string given by the user. It list all such file names having that given string and store in a temp file "search_temp". It should have user friendly messages e.g. "File does not exit" , "Do you want to search again", etc.

 #bin/bashread-p"Enter a filename:"filename

 if

[[

 -f $ Search_temp]] 

then echo 

"The file $ Search_temp exists."read –p 

"Enter the you word want to find:" 

Word 

 grep "$word"

 "$Search_temp" 

else echo "The file $filename does not exist ".

 fi 

SUCCESS=0 

E_NOARGS=65 

If

 [-z"$1"] 

then 

echo"Usage:basename 

$0'rpm-file" 

exist $E_NOARGS

 fi 

#Begin code block.

 echo echo"Archive Description:"

 rpm-qpi $ 1 # Query descri....

 echo echo"Archive Listing:" 

rpm-qpl $ 1 # Query listing 

echo rpm-i—test $ 1 # Query whether rpm file can be installed.

 If ["$?" – eq $ SUCCESS] 

then 

 echo "$1 can be installed." 

else

 echo "$1 cannot be installed." 

Fi 

echo #End code block. 

}> "$1.test" #Redirects output of everything in block of file. 

echo "Result of rpm test in file $1.test" 

#See rpm main page for explanation of options. 

exit 0. 

exits = $(grep-c$word$file)

 if

 [[$exits-gt0]]; 

then 

echo"File does not exit"

 fi 

 Linux OS can be represented in the following with three layers. User, System and kernel.Kernel ,Consist of all the operating system resources such as file system ,memory, input/output modules and libraries.

The System layer consist of system resources  such as Application System interface (API).


And the User layer consist of all the user resources will reside such as application programs.


Linux is a multi-users and multi-tasking OS. Single Linux OS can provide services for more than one user at any time either locally and/or remotely. Every user has their own profile with custom settings that can be set by the user herself for the permitted settings or enforced by Root from the system side. For every user, there will be multi process running 'concurrently' for him,locally and/or remotely and it is said multi-tasking OS. In another simple word, single user can run many programs at any time. In order to optimize the resources such as memory, in every process there can be many threads and it is said multi-threading.



In Linux, systems' processes or services (in Linux term it is a daemon) normally run by Root. Originally, Root can be considered as the king with unlimited privileges that can control the whole OS. However, non-root group's users will have limited privileges. The many problems start when the users' privileges have been escalated to Root. When normal users have controlled or could access the kernel, it is a very bad situation. 

For the basic security features, Linux has password authentication, file system discretionary access control, and security auditing. By expanding the basic standard security features we have:

1.User and group separation
2.File system security
3.Audit trails
4.PAM authentication 

1.User and group separation.
User accounts are used to verify the identity of the person using a computer system. By checking the identity of a user through username and password credentials, the system is able to determine if the user is permitted to log into the system and, if so, which resources the user is allowed to access.
Groups are logical constructs that can be used to group user accounts together for a particular purpose.
 
2.File system Security
A very true statement of a UNIX/Linux system, everything is a file; if something is not a file, it is a process. Most files are just files, called regular files; they contain normal data, for example text files, executable files or programs, input to or output from a program and so on. While it is practically safe to say that everything you encounter on a Linux system is a file, there are some exceptions as listed below:  

a. Directories: files that are lists of other files. 
b. Special files: the mechanism used for input and output. Most special files are in /dev for example USB and CD-ROM. 
c.Links: a system to make a file or directory visible in multiple parts of the system's file tree. It is a shortcut. 
d.(Domain) sockets: a special file type, similar to TCP/IP sockets, providing inter-process networking protected by the file system's access control. 
e.Named pipes: act more or less like sockets and form a way for processes to communicate with each other, without using network socket semantics.


3.Audit Trails 
Linux kernel 2.6 comes with audit daemon. It's responsible for writing audit records to the disk. During startup, the rules in /etc/audit.rules are read by this daemon. You can open /etc/audit.rules file and make changes such as setup audit file log location and other option.

4.Plug-gable Authentication Modules authentication (PAM)
PAM was invented by SUN Micro systems. Linux-PAM provides a flexible mechanism for authenticating users. It consists of a set of libraries that handle the authentication tasks of applications on the system. The library provides a stable general interface to which privilege-granting programs (such as login) defer to perform standard authentication tasks.Historically, authentication of Linux users relied on the input of a password which was checked with the one stored in /etc/passwd. At each improvement (e.g. /etc/shadow, one-time passwords) each program (e.g. login, ftp) had to be rewritten. PAM is a more flexible user authentication mechanism. Programs supporting PAM must dynamically link themselves to the modules in charge of authentication. The administrator is in charge of the configuration and the attachment order of modules. All applications using PAM must have a configuration file in /etc/pam.d.

STEP 1: Setting up first IP address. Edit /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 on Redhat Linux box and give the following entries as shown.

vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
DEVICE=eth0   BOOTPROTO=static   IPADDR=192.168.1.10   NETMASK=255.255.255.0   NETWORK=192.168.1.0   ONBOOT=yes

STEP 2:  Setting up second IP address. Create one file as /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0:1 and give the entries as below in to this file.

vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0:1
DEVICE=eth0:1   BOOTPROTO=static   IPADDR=192.168.1.11   NETMASK=255.255.255.0   NETWORK=192.168.1.0   ONBOOT=yes

STEP 3:  Once you configure above files and save them. Now reload the network service on your machine.

service network reload

STEP 4: Check if you get the IP address assigned to the eth0 and eth0:1 interfaces respectively.

ifconfig

Note1: We can assign virtual IP to the same interface with ifconfig but that one is not permanent so not giving info on that.

Note2: We can assign up to 16 virtual IP address to a single NIC card.